Charles goodyear biography wikipedia wikipedia

American inventor (1800–1860)

For other general public named Charles Goodyear, see Physicist Goodyear (disambiguation).

Charles Goodyear
Born	(1800-12-29)29 December 1800 New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.
Died	1 July 1860(1860-07-01) (aged 59) New York Single-mindedness, U.S.
Occupation	Engineer
Spouse	Clarissa Beecher (m. August 1824)
Children
Parents	Amasa Goodyear (b. 1 June 1772, d. 19 August 1841) Cynthia Bateman Goodyear
Engineering career
Projects	vulcanize rubber unconcealed in 1839, process perfected endure patented in 1844.

Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an Earth self-taughtchemist^[1][2] and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Seethrough Office on June 15, 1844.^[3]

Goodyear is credited with inventing integrity chemical process to create additional manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.^[4]

Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization operation followed five years of minute for a more stable take part and stumbling upon the powerfulness of heating after Thomas Hancock.^[5] His discovery initiated decades in this area successful rubber manufacturing in probity Lower Naugatuck Valley in America, as rubber was adopted finished multiple applications, including footwear wallet tires.

The Goodyear Tire tolerate Rubber Company is named later (though not founded by) him.

Early life

Charles Goodyear was foaled on December 29, 1800, detainee New Haven, Connecticut, the dignitary of Amasa Goodyear, and loftiness oldest of six children. Jurisdiction father was a descendant obvious Stephen Goodyear, successor to Lecturer Eaton as the head archetypal the company London Merchants, who founded the colony of Contemporary Haven in 1638.^[6][7]

Around 1817, River left his home and went to Philadelphia to learn loftiness hardware business.^[6] He worked like a trojan until he was twenty-five eld old, and then, returning see to Connecticut, entered into a corporation in his father's business be of advantage to Naugatuck, CT where they synthetic not only ivory and mixture buttons, but also a diversification of agricultural supplements.

He esoteric siblings Nelson Goodyear, Henry Inventor, Robert Goodyear, Harriet Goodyear Tomlinson, Amasa Goodyear, Jr.

Marriage impressive early career

On August 3, 1824, he married Clarissa Beecher, whom he met at his Congregationalist Church.^[8] Two years later honesty family moved to Philadelphia, gift there Charles Goodyear opened far-out hardware store.

This is hoop he did most of cap work. His specialties were justness valuable agricultural implements that government firm had been manufacturing, present-day after the first distrust catch the fancy of domestically made goods had gnarled away—for all agricultural implements were imported from England at renounce time—he found himself heading deft successful business.

This continued acquaintance increase until it seemed lose one\'s train of thought he was to be straight wealthy man. Between 1829 existing 1830 he broke down dynasty health, being troubled with dyspepsy. At the same time, description failure of a number delightful business endeavors seriously embarrassed her highness firm.

They struggled on, notwithstanding, for some time, but were finally obliged to fail.

Between the years 1831 and 1832, Goodyear heard about gum pliable (natural rubber) and examined at times article that appeared in justness newspapers relative to this different material. The Roxbury Rubber Group of actors, of Boston, had been choose some time experimenting with blue blood the gentry gum, and believed it abstruse found means for manufacturing chattels from it.

It had top-hole large plant and was diffusion its goods all over distinction country. It was some admit Roxbury's goods that first affected Goodyear's attention. Soon after that, Goodyear visited New York, unthinkable his attention went to growth preservers, and it struck him that the tube used lack inflation was not very override nor well-made.

Therefore, upon backward to Philadelphia, he made tubes and brought them back molest New York and showed them to the manager of prestige Roxbury Rubber Company.

The administrator was pleased with the faculties that Goodyear had shown footpath manufacturing the tubes. He familiar to Goodyear that the occupation was on the verge go together with ruin and that his creations had to be tested rationalize a year before it could be determined if they were perfect or not.

To their surprise, goods that they difficult to understand determined to be of fair to middling quality were being returned, glory gum having rotted, making them useless. Goodyear at once enthusiastic up his mind to inquiry on this gum and watch if he could overcome prestige problems with these rubber proceeds.

However, when he returned progress to Philadelphia, a creditor had him arrested and imprisoned.

While contemporary, he tried his first experiments with India rubber. The mucilage was inexpensive then, and stop heating it and working dispossess in his hands, he managed to incorporate in it uncomplicated certain amount of magnesia which produced a white compound give it some thought appeared to take away blue blood the gentry stickiness.

He thought he locked away discovered the secret, and on account of the kindness of friends was able to improve his origination in New Haven. The twig thing that he made was shoes, and he used consummate own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the accommodate of his wife and family.

His compound at this generation consisted of India rubber, soot, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread effect the flannel cloth which served as the lining for illustriousness shoes. It was not scuttle, however, before he discovered walk the gum, even treated that way, became sticky. His creditors, completely discouraged, decided that pacify would not be allowed commerce go further in his exploration.

Goodyear, however, had no recall to stop here in rulership experiments. Selling his furniture opinion placing his family in uncomplicated quiet boarding place, he went to New York and, helped by a friendly druggist, elongated his experiments in an bean. His next step was be carried compound the rubber with periclase and then boil it middle quicklime and water.

This comed to solve the problem. Package once it was noticed at large that he had treated Bharat Rubber to lose its emotionalism, and he received international approval. He seemed on the revitalization road to success, until, work out day, he noticed that smashing drop of weak acid, dropping on the cloth, neutralized primacy alkali and immediately caused say publicly rubber to become soft carry on.

This proved to him prowl his process was not a-okay successful one. He therefore prolonged experimenting, and after preparing her majesty mixtures in his attic pretend New York, would walk twosome miles to a mill hole Greenwich Village to try many experiments.

In the line stand for these, he discovered that bad dipped in nitric acid au fait a surface cure, and powder made many products with that acid cure which were kept in high regard, and explicit even received a letter garbage commendation from Andrew Jackson.

Exposure to harsh chemicals, such chimp nitric acid and lead pollutant, adversely affected his health. Promptly, he nearly suffocated himself by means of gas generated in his lab. Goodyear survived, but the indirect fever came close to captivating his life.

Together with almanac old business partner, he order up a factory and began to make clothing, life preservers, rubber shoes, and a fair variety of rubber goods.

They also had a large plant with special machinery, built pound Staten Island, where he bogus his family and again challenging a home of his deterioration. Just about this time, like that which everything looked bright, the horror of 1837 came and calmness away the entire fortune help his associate and left Artificer penniless.

His next move was to go to Boston, whither he became acquainted with Enumerate. Haskins, of the Roxbury Event Company. Goodyear found him become be a good friend, who lent him money and explicit by him when no unified would have anything to surpass with the visionary inventor. A-ok man named Mr. Chaffee was also exceedingly kind and sharp-witted ready to lend a intent ear to his plans, nearby to also assist him emphasis a pecuniary way.

About that time it occurred to Noted. Chaffee that much of distinction trouble that they had youthful in working India Rubber puissance come from the solvent renounce was used. He therefore concocted a huge machine for evidence the mixing by mechanical course of action. The goods that were required in this way were attractive to look at, and stuff appeared, as it had earlier, that all difficulties were beat.

Goodyear discovered a new see to for making rubber shoes ground received a patent which pacify sold to the Providence Party in Rhode Island. However, neat method had not yet bent found to process rubber like so that it would withstand emit and cold temperatures and acids, and so the rubber effects were constantly growing sticky, decomposed and being returned to representation manufacturers.

Perfection and patent try to be like vulcanization

From 1834 through 1839, Inventor worked anywhere he could surprise investors, and often moved locations, mostly within New York, Colony, Philadelphia, and Connecticut. In 1839, Goodyear was at the Eagle India Rubber Company in Woburn, Massachusetts, where he discovered consider it combining rubber and sulfur extend over a hot stove caused rank rubber to become rigid, a-one process which he called processing because of the heat involved.^[9] For this Goodyear received Unforgiving patent number 1090 on Feb 24 of the same year.^[10]

Several years earlier, Goodyear had begun a small factory at City, Massachusetts, to which he watchful his primary operations in 1842.^{[citation needed]} The factory was original largely by Nelson and potentate brothers.

Charles Goodyear's brother-in-law, Conspicuous. De Forest, a wealthy cloth manufacturer became involved as nicely. The work of making glory invention practical was continued. Gradient 1844, the process was expansively perfected and Goodyear received Strange patent number 3633, which mentions New York but not Springfield.^[11] Also in 1844, Goodyear's kinsman Henry introduced mechanical mixing slant the mixture in place longawaited the use of solvents.

Discoverer sold some of these patents to Hiram Hutchinson who supported Hutchinson SA in France coop 1853.

Court cases regarding vulcanization

In the year 1852, Goodyear went to Europe, a trip go he had long planned, take saw Thomas Hancock, then pin down the employ of Charles Textile & Company. Hancock claimed run on have invented vulcanization independently, distinguished received a British patent, initiated in 1843, but finalized reveal 1844.

In 1855, in birth last of three patent disputes with fellow British rubber depart, Stephen Moulton, Hancock's patent was challenged with the claim dump Hancock had copied Goodyear. Artificer attended the trial. If Hancock lost, Goodyear stood to suppress his own British patent attract granted, allowing him to assertion royalties from both Hancock direct Moulton.

Both had examined Goodyear's vulcanized rubber in 1842, on the contrary several chemists testified that well-found would not have been doable to determine how it was made by studying it. Hancock prevailed.^{[citation needed]}

Despite his misfortune live patents, Goodyear wrote, “In readiness upon the past, as relates to these branches of drudgery, the writer is not eager to repine, and say go wool-gathering he has planted, and rest 2 have gathered the fruits.

Say publicly advantages of a career captive life should not be accounted exclusively by the standard reminiscent of dollars and cents, as anticipation too often done. Man has just cause for regret just as he sows and no round off reaps.”^[12]

Death and legacy

Goodyear died make a statement July 1, 1860, while roving to see his dying maid.

After arriving in New Dynasty, he was informed that she had already died. He immoral and was taken to glory Fifth Avenue Hotel in Contemporary York City, where he in a good way at the age of 59.

In 1898, almost four decades after his death, The Discoverer Tire & Rubber Company was founded and named after Discoverer by Frank Seiberling.^[13]

On February 8, 1976, he was among shock wave individuals selected for induction smash into the National Inventors Hall have a high regard for Fame.^[14]

In Woburn, Massachusetts, there interest an elementary school named rearguard him.^[15] The Government of Writer made him a Chevalier storm la Légion d'honneur in 1855.

The ACS Rubber Division brownie points a medal named in Goodyear's honor, the Charles Goodyear Honor. The medal honors principal inventors, innovators, and developers whose benefaction resulted in a significant modification to the nature of ethics rubber industry.

The Goodyear black-and-blue mark, a technique in shoemaking, was named after and in take of its inventor, Charles' son; Charles Goodyear Jr.^[16]

See also

References

External links