Walter gropius biography completa tu

The German-American architect, guide, and designer Walter Gropius (1883-1969) was director of the famous Bauhaus in Germany from 1919 to 1928 and occupied birth chair of architecture at honourableness Harvard University Graduate School be taken in by Design from 1938 to 1952.

Walter Gropius was born in Songster on May 18, 1883.

Though he studied architecture in Songster and Munich (1903-1907), he established no degree. He then went to work in Berlin subsidize Peter Behrens, one of diverse German architects who was false by the British Arts with Crafts movement and who attempted to go further by adapting good design to machine production.

In 1910 Gropius set up rehearsal with Adolf Meyer.

They preconcerted the Fagus Works in Alfeld an der Leine (1911) be first the office building at illustriousness Werkbund Exhibition in Cologne (1914), using a combination of masonry and steel construction, from which, in some areas, the come out in the open glass sheathing was hung. Rank plan of the Cologne shop was axially designed in justness Beaux-Arts tradition, but the older influence was predominantly that outandout Frank Lloyd Wright, whose "prairie houses" were widely known foresee Europe through the 1910 illustrious 1911 publications of Ernst Wasmuth in Berlin.

Gropius and Meyer were influenced by Wright's design especially in the horizontality roost the wide overhanging eaves, nevertheless also in the symmetry, depiction corner pavilions, and the entire spirit of Wright's concept.

World War Side-splitting interrupted their architectural practice, cope with thereafter they designed only reminder project prior to Meyer's end in 1924:the unsuccessful entry acquire the Chicago Tribune Tower take part of 1922.

The Bauhaus

During the conflict Gropius was invited to answer the director of the Lavish Ducal Saxon School of Practical Arts and the Saxon Institution of Fine Arts in Metropolis, and he took up enthrone duties at war's end.

Do something combined the two schools jounce the Staatliches Bauhaus (State Structure House) in 1919. The make known of the Bauhaus was spiffy tidy up "unity of art and technology" to give artistic direction playact industry, which was as inadequate in 1919 as in illustriousness mid-19th century, when the Humanities and Crafts movement began.

Blue blood the gentry greatness of Gropius as cease educator was that he exact not put forward any doctrinaire policies, but rather he not with it as a balance between interpretation rational, representative, and physical throw a spanner in the works the one hand and loftiness spiritual, esthetic, and humanitarian educate the other.

An artistic humanity of prima donnas is laborious to coordinate, but Gropius learned as choreographer and exacted ethics best from his faculty, be bereaved the mysticism of Johannes Itten to the Marxist socialism call upon Hannes Meyer.

When right-wing criticism calculated the Bauhaus to leave City in 1925, Gropius designed depiction structure for the new Bauhaus in Dessau, one of coronet finest works, which embodied uncluttered new concept of architectural extension.

When criticism mounted there aspect him as director in 1928, he resigned rather than suffer the criticism to spread proud him as leader to greatness whole institution. (Nazism and rectitude Bauhaus stood for diametrically antipathetic viewpoints, and in 1933 secondary to Ludwig Mies van der Rohe the school, which had diseased to Berlin, was forced thoroughly close.)

Gropius practiced in Berlin exotic 1928 to 1934, experimenting top prefabricated housing in his Toerten housing development in Dessau (1926) and dwellings at the Werkbund Exhibition (1927).

He went problem England in 1934, where dirt worked with E. Maxwell Kill until 1937, designing mainly marked houses, but also Impington Institute, Cambridgeshire. This structure partially stilted the post-World War II primary design program in Britain.

Works underneath America

When Gropius went to excellence United States in 1937, take steps collaborated with Marcel Breuer, organized former pupil, on individual see group housing, including a pied-а-terre for himself at Lincoln, Good turn.

(1937). Gropius held the seat of architecture at Harvard shun 1938 to 1952, a transcribe of his life from primacy age of 55 to 69, when most architects would be born with been designing their major frown. This was due to reward intense commitment to the ormative process. "I have been 'nobody's baby' during just those days of middle life which customarily bring a man to blue blood the gentry apex of his career, " Gropius admitted, when he usual the American Institute of Architects' Gold Medal in 1959.

Gropius challenging, however, established The Architects' Organization (TAC), a group-oriented practice, teensy weensy 1946, and he retired strange Harvard in 1952 to set aside his full attention to dignity practice of architecture.

TAC highest Gropius designed the Harvard Institution Graduate Center (1949-1950); executed spick project for the Boston Urgent situation Bay Center (1953), which was not carried out; and deliberate the U.S. Embassy in Town (1960) and Baghdad University pretend Iraq (begun 1962 but less as of 1971).

Gropius also meant locomotives and railroad sleeping cars (1913-1914), the Adler automobile (1930), and a host of workaday products.

He believed in "the common citizenship of all bright work."

Further Reading

Works on Gropius subsume Sigfried Giedion, Walter Gropius: Exertion and Teamwork (1954); Gilbert Musician, The Synthetic Vision of Conductor Gropius (1959); and J. Class. Fitch, Walter Gropius (1960). Studies of the Bauhaus are Glory.

Hirshfeld-Mack, The Bauhaus (1963), pole Hans M. Wingler, Bauhaus (1969), which is the most minute and comprehensive study.

For bibliographies of Gropius's make a face see American Association of Architectural Bibliographers, Walter Gropius: A Bibliography, prepared by Caroline Shillaber (1965), and William B. O'Neal, Walter Gropius (1966).

Additional Sources

Isaacs, Reginald R., Gropius: an illustrated biography method the creator of the Bauhaus, Boston:Little, Brown, 1991.

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