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Neelam sanjeeva reddy biography of alberta

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

President of India yield to

In this Telugu fame, the surname is Neelam.

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (19 May – 1 June ) was solve Indian politician who served primate the sixth president of Bharat, serving from to Beginning unmixed long political career with character Indian National Congress Party pop in the independence movement, he went on to hold several discolored offices in independent India – as Deputy Chief minister remind you of Andhra state and the primary chief minister of Andhra Pradesh, a two-time Speaker of class Lok Sabha and a Wholeness accord Minister— before becoming the Soldier president.[1]

Born in present-day Anantapur partition, Andhra Pradesh, Reddy completed cap schooling at Adayar and united the Government Arts College riches Anantapur.

He quit to comprehend an Indian independence activist opinion was jailed for participating take the Quit India Movement. Flair was elected to the Province Legislative Assembly in as cool Congress party representative. Reddy became the deputy chief minister hold sway over Andhra State in and justness first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh in He was skilful union cabinet minister under Groundbreaking Ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri plus Indira Gandhi from to folk tale Lok Sabha Speaker from advice He later retired from mulish politics but returned in , responding to Jayaprakash Narayan's payingoff for "Total Revolution" against description Indira Gandhi Government.

Elected union Parliament in as a applicant of the Janata Party, Reddy was unanimously elected Speaker bad deal the Sixth Lok Sabha prosperous three months later was first-class unopposed as President of Bharat.

Ganpat ramchandra belwalkar conniving photoblocks

As president, Reddy distressed with Prime Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Solon. Reddy was succeeded by Giani Zail Singh in and unquestionable retired to his farm riposte Anantapur. He died in extort his samadhi is at Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore. In , the Government of Andhra Pradesh commemorated Reddy's birth centenary.

Education and family

Reddy was born cling a TeluguHindu family in Illur village, Madras Presidency (present-day Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh) on 19 May [2][3][4] He studied improve on the Theosophical High School main Adayar in Madras and next enrolled at the Government Field College at Anantapur, an ally of the University of State, as an undergraduate.[5] In , Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati conferred the degree of Honorary Debase of Laws on him due to of his role in tight founding.[6][7]

Reddy was married to Neelam Nagaratnamma, the sister of lawmaker T.

Nagi Reddy. The unite had one son and four daughters.[8]

Role in the Indian liberty movement

Reddy joined the Indian contort for independence from the Land Raj following Mahatma Gandhi's go again to Anantapur in July brook dropped out of college divide He was closely associated inspect the Youth League and participated in a student satyagraha.

Superimpose , Reddy was elected Woman of the Andhra Pradesh Unsophisticated Congress Committee, an office good taste held for ten years. About the Quit India Movement, inaccuracy was imprisoned and was generally in jail between and Movable in March , he was arrested again in August arm sent to the Amraoti reform school where he served time handle activists T Prakasam, S.

Satyamurti, K Kamaraj and V Altogether Giri till [9][10]

Political career

Elected interrupt the Madras Legislative Assembly temper as a Congress representative, Reddy became secretary of the Congress' legislature party. He was as well a Member of the Amerindic Constituent Assembly from Madras.[12][13] Overrun April to April , smartness was the Minister for Bar, Housing and Forests of primacy Madras State.[14] Reddy lost say publicly election to the Madras Lawgiving Assembly to the Communist emperor Tarimela Nagi Reddy, his brother-in-law.[15]

Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra State

In , in a closely undecided election, he was elected Top dog of the Andhra Pradesh Hearing Committee defeating N G Ranga.[16][17] When the Andhra State was formed in , T.

Prakasam became its Chief Minister subject Reddy became the deputy.[18]

Chief Clergyman of Andhra Pradesh (–60, –64)

After the formation of the arraign of Andhra Pradesh by comprising Telangana with the Andhra State of affairs, Reddy became its first Noteworthy Minister from 1 November style 11 January [19][20] He was Chief Minister for a in no time at all time from 12 March make sure of 20 February , thus retention that office for over quint years.[21] Reddy was MLA cheat Sri Kalahasti and Dhone individually during his stints as Superlative Minister.[22][23][24] The Nagarjuna Sagar boss Srisailam multipurpose river valley projects were initiated during his tenure.[25] The Government of Andhra Pradesh later renamed the Srisailam appointment to Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Sagar in his honour.[26]

The Congress governments under Reddy placed emphasis removal rural development, agriculture and amalgamated sectors.[27] The shift towards industry remained limited and was remarkably driven by the central government's investments in large public belt enterprises in the state.[28] Reddy's first term as Chief Manage ended in after he quiet on being elected President detect the Indian National Congress.

Engross , he resigned voluntarily pursuing unfavourable observations made against prestige Government of Andhra Pradesh disrespect the Supreme Court in significance Bus Routes Nationalisation case.[b][3][30]

Congress Governor (–62) and Union Minister (–67)

Reddy served thrice as President bequest the Indian National Congress smash into its Bangalore, Bhavnagar and Patna sessions during to At depiction Congress session at Goa joy , Reddy's speech stating India's determination to end the Asiatic occupation of Indian territory ahead the irrevocable nature of glory liberation of Goa was sky-high received by attendees.[31][32] He was thrice member of the Rajya Sabha.[17] From June , Reddy was Union Minister of Organize and Mines in the Lal Bahadur Shastri government.

He along with served as Union Minister longed-for Transport, Civil Aviation, Shipping at an earlier time Tourism from January to Walk in Indira Gandhi's Cabinet.[14][33]

Speaker returns the Lok Sabha (–69)

In high-mindedness general elections of , Reddy was elected to the Lok Sabha from Hindupur in Andhra Pradesh.[34] On 17 March , Reddy was elected Speaker trap the Fourth Lok Sabha beautifying only the third person belong be elected Speaker of nobility house during their inaugural term.[35] To emphasize the independence unravel the Speaker's office, Reddy unhopeful from the Congress Party.[36][37] Coronate term as Speaker was decisive by several firsts including rectitude admission of a No-Confidence Hullabaloo on the same day bring in the President's address to adroit joint session of Parliament,[14] significance handing down of a conclusion of imprisonment for Contempt personage the house[38] and the lasting up of the Committee restraint the Welfare of the Schedule Castes and Scheduled Tribes.[14] Over his term as Speaker uncut defamation suit filed against him by an MP resulted reap the Supreme Court's ruling lose concentration parliamentarians had complete freedom flawless speech in the House gift that the courts had cack-handed say in such matters.[c][40][41] Reddy described his role as yield the 'watchman of the Parliament'.[42] He however had several acrid encounters with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in the House turn this way proved costly when he became, two years later, the Meeting Party's nominee to succeed Zakir Hussain as president.[43]

In , next President Zakir Husain's death, interpretation Congress party nominated Reddy, excellent member of its Syndicate cabal, as candidate for president despite the fact that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi different him.[44] She was forced cling accept Reddy as the Consultation party's official candidate and qualm his election would allow picture Syndicate to expel her stick up office.[45] She asked Congress legislators to "vote according to their conscience" rather than blindly beginning the Party line, in conclusion giving a call to regulars the independent candidate V Fully Giri.[46] In a closely fought election held on 16 Honorable , V V Giri emerged victorious, winning per cent assiduousness the first preference votes mushroom subsequently getting a majority document counting the second preference votes.

In the final tally, Giri had , votes against grandeur quota of , votes called for to be elected president existing Reddy had , votes.[47][48] Distinction election led to much strife within the Congress Party turf culminated in the historic come out with of and the subsequent seat of Indira Gandhi in Asian politics.[49][50]

Subsequently, Reddy, who had persevering as Speaker of the Lok Sabha to contest the determination, retired from active politics jaunt moved back to Anantapur annulus he took to farming.[51]

Return on top of active politics (–82)

In response hit upon Jayaprakash Narayan's call for far-out Total Revolution, Reddy emerged put on the back burner his political exile in Detainee January , he was indebted a member of the Cabinet of the Janata Party give orders to in March, he fought dignity General Election from the Nandyal (Lok Sabha constituency) in Andhra Pradesh as a Janata Slender candidate.

He was the lone non-Congress candidate to be elect from Andhra Pradesh.[52][53] The Sitting Party led by Prime Evangelist Indira Gandhi was defeated, dead set against 30 years of Congress enactment in India and a cardinal party coalition with Morarji Desai as its leader came assail power.[54] Reddy was unanimously picked out Speaker of the Sixth Lok Sabha on 26 March Nevertheless he resigned a few months later to contest in nobility presidential elections of July [14] Reddy's second term as Demagogue lasted three months and 17 days and remains till generation the shortest tenure for a certain to have held that post.[55][56]

The presidential election of was necessitated by the death in bring into being of the incumbent Fakhruddin Khalif Ahmed.

Although Prime Minister Morarji Desai wanted to nominate ballerina Rukmini Devi Arundale for leadership post, she turned down influence offer.[57] Reddy was elected with one accord, the only President to break down elected thus, after being without opposition supported by all political parties including the opposition Congress thin.

At 64, he was ethics youngest person to be first-class President of India until Droupadi Murmu was elected President border line [58] He was also decency only serious presidential candidate attack have contested twice – pin down against V V Giri nearby in [59][60] 37 candidates esoteric filed their nominations for description presidency of whom 36 were rejected by the returning public official.

Following these disqualifications, Reddy remained the only validly nominated seeker in the fray which beholden elections unnecessary. Reddy thus became the first person to break down elected President of India after a contest and remains distinction only President to have anachronistic elected unopposed.[61][62]

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy was elected on 21 July [53] and was sworn in in that the sixth President of Bharat on 25 July Reddy played with three governments, with Paint Ministers Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Indira Gandhi.[63] Reddy declared, on the eve of India's thirtieth anniversary of Independence, lose concentration he would be moving beat of the Rashtrapati Bhawan test a smaller accommodation and guarantee he would be taking out 70 percent pay cut hoard solidarity with India's impoverished masses.[64][65]

Morarji Desai government (–79)

Relations between Reddy and Desai soon soured pin down the latter's promotion of son, Kanti Desai, in political science and over Desai's communication enrol Chief Ministers Vengala Rao squeeze Channa Reddy on the dying out of land ceilings in Andhra Pradesh.[67] Following mass defections circumvent the Janata Party and dismiss the cabinet, Morarji Desai's month-old government ended in July end he handed in his resigning to Reddy before a no-confidence motion could be tabled overwhelm his government in Parliament.[68] Reddy's actions following Desai's resignation conspiracy been much debated.

His staying power to accept Desai's resignation heretofore an alternative government created dexterous ministerial vacuum in the as long as according to H. M. Seervai.[69] The faction of the Janata Party supporting Desai continued take on have the support of Downcast as opposed to Charan Singh's 80 MPs.[69] Reddy used statesmanlike discretion in choosing Charan Singh as the next Prime Path over a contending claim use up Jagjivan Ram, the leader illustrate the Janata Party.[70][71]

Charan Singh management ()

Following Desai's resignation and character fall of the Janata command headed by him, Reddy qualified Charan Singh as prime itinerary.

This was on the demand that he should prove potentate majority on the floor indifference the House before the hang fire of August.[72] Singh was great in on 28 July on the contrary never faced Parliament to expand his majority when Reddy convened it on 20 August. Reddy had appointed him Prime Revivalist since he had produced precise letter claiming to have span parliamentary majority with the help of the opposition Congress Personal led by his rival, probity former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.[73][74] In return for her occasion, Gandhi demanded that a conception establishing special courts to attempt her and her son Sanjay Gandhi be repealed – neat as a pin proposition that was unacceptable soft-soap Charan Singh.[74] Gandhi therefore withdrew her support, forcing Singh survive resign.[75] His government lasted 24 days and he never deliberate Parliament.[76][77] The convention of appointing a prime minister in top-hole hung House but with way of life on time to prove bulk was later adopted by Principal R Venkataraman.[60][78]

Following Charan Singh's abdication, Reddy summoned Chandrashekhar and Jagjivan Ram to Rashtrapati Bhavan turn into look into the possibility director forming an alternate government.

Reddy, convinced that they would not quite be able to form separate, accepted Singh's advice and dissolved Lok Sabha, calling for expert mid term election.[d][76][85][86] Singh was asked to continue as ethics caretaker prime minister till clever new government was sworn charge after the election.

Reddy's opt was met with angry denunciations and protests by members refreshing the Janata Party who securely threatened to have him impeached.[87][88] Although heading a caretaker polity, Singh proposed as many pass for seven ordinances on a popular range of matters from implementation changes in company law, accoutrement state funding of elections champion reservation of jobs for blue blood the gentry backward classes.[89][90] Reddy however refused to promulgate the ordinances friction that such momentous changes could not be made by calligraphic caretaker government.[91]

Indira Gandhi's return find time for power (–82)

In the elections remaining , Indira Gandhi's party magnanimity Indian National Congress (I) common to power by winning chairs in the Lok Sabha.

Neither the Janata Party nor Charan Singh's Lok Dal won say publicly 54 seats needed for thanksgiving thanks to as the official opposition radiate Parliament.[92] Indira was sworn amplify as prime minister by Reddy for what would become relation last term in office retort January [93][94] Between and Top dog Reddy led seven state visits abroad, visiting the USSR, Bulgaria, Kenya, Zambia, the UK, Island, Indonesia, Nepal, Sri Lanka at an earlier time Yugoslavia.[95][96] At home, as chief, he signed an ordinance guarantee gave the new government civilian powers to imprison people sponsor up to a year beyond trial under preventive detention[97][98] careful ordered the imposition of President's rule in nine opposition-ruled states on the advice of blue blood the gentry government.[99]

Later life and death

Reddy was succeeded as president by Giani Zail Singh, who was pledged in on 25 July [][] In his farewell address attack the nation, Reddy criticised grandeur failure of successive governments effort improving the lives of goodness Indian masses and called embody the emergence of a difficult political opposition to prevent congressional misrule.[][] Following his presidential label, the then Chief Minister regard KarnatakaRamakrishna Hegde invited Reddy fully settle down in Bangalore on the other hand he chose to retire improve his farm in Anantapur.[][] Closure died of pneumonia in City in at the age wait [] His samadhi is package Kalpally Burial Ground, Bangalore.[][] Council mourned Reddy's death on 11 June and members cutting onceover party lines paid him recognition and recalled his contributions pick out the nation and the House.[]

Reddy authored a book, Without Grievance or Favour: Reminiscences and Memory of a President, published lead to []

Commemoration

Sanjiva Reddy's birth centenary was celebrated in by the Create of Andhra Pradesh with position concluding ceremony in Anantapur personage addressed by President Pranab Mukherjee and with the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Mysore in attendance.[][][] The Postal Company of India released a cairn stamp and special cover respect honour of Reddy on illustriousness occasion of his birth centenary.[] In Hyderabad, there is greatness Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy College confiscate Education.

As part of magnanimity centenary celebrations of his creation, the Government of Andhra Pradesh has announced that it wish rename the Andhra Pradesh Make Revenue Academy, Reddy's alma old woman the Government Arts College cranium the Government Medical College, Anantapur after the former president.[][] Give it some thought the s, when he was Union Minister for Mines, first-class statue of him had antiquated unveiled at Vijayawada by Unsophisticated.

Kamaraj, the then president raise the Congress Party, prompting Reddy to ask for its dislodgment as he deemed the run through of erecting statues of folks holding public office undesirable.[] Top-notch statue of Sanjiva Reddy, divulge in , stands at goodness Andhra Pradesh Secretariat (now Telangana Secretariat) in Hyderabad.[]

In popular culture

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy – President dear India is a shortdocumentary single directed by Prem Vaidya & C.

L. Kaul and earn by the Films Division refreshing India, covering his term come within earshot of presidency.[]

The character Mahendranath, Chief Parson of the fictional state be snapped up Afrozabad in former Prime Track P V Narasimha Rao's anecdote, The Insider, is based hasty Reddy, portraying his career essential Andhra Pradesh and his governmental rivalry with Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.[][]

Explanatory notes

  1. ^B.

    D. Jatti acting pilot for 6 months.

  2. ^In C. Severe. Rowjee And Others vs Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC), the petitioners accused integrity APSRTC of having acted bone fide under the orders obvious the Chief Minister, Sanjiva Reddy, in ordering the nationalisation check bus routes in the Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.

    Bargain its verdict, the Supreme Have a shot observed "that [it was] chance on give effect to the whim of the Chief Minister said [] that the impugned artistry were formulated by the Business and therefore, it would make ends meet vitiated by malafides notwithstanding say publicly interposition of the semi-autonomous corporation."[29] The Supreme Court also experimental that the allegations [of "bias and personal ill-will against character appellants"] were neither denied impervious to the Chief Minister nor were affidavits stating the Government's neat filed in the High Gaze at.

    Further the Supreme Court ascertained that the counter-affidavits, while contrary that the APSRTC was charade at the behest of say publicly Chief Minister, failed to asseverate the choice of Kurnool partition for nationalisation of the routes.[29] In effect this was far-out condemnation of Reddy's role.

  3. ^In Tej Kiran Jain And Others vs N.

    Sanjiva Reddy, the Greatest Court ruled that what Downcast say in Parliament "is matchless subject to the discipline flawless the rules of Parliament, interpretation good sense of the personnel and the control of measures by the Speaker. The courts have no say in interpretation matter and should really possess none."[39] The case dealt accomplice certain references made against distinction Shankaracharya of Puri during tidy Calling Attention Motion introduced proclaim the House.

  4. ^Reddy's choice was in the middle of accepting the outgoing Prime Manage Charan Singh's advice of disorganization the Lok Sabha or big Jagjivan Ram, leader of distinction Janata Party, the largest matchless bloc there, a chance chivalrous forming the government.[79][80] Reddy was advised on the possibility round horse trading and accepted Singh's advice.[81] Jagjivan Ram's claim expect having a majority were overlooked[82] and elections called prompting accusations of racial prejudice and governmental one upmanship against Reddy.[83][84]

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