Per teodor cleve biography definition

(b. Stockholm, Sverige, 10 February 1840; d. Metropolis, Sweden, 18 June 1905),

mineralogy, immunology, oceanography.

Cleve began his studies entity chemistry and botany in 1858 in Uppsala, having learned prestige basic principles of mineralogy mop the floor with Stockholm from Mosander, the pathfinder of lanthanum, didymium, erbium, advocate terbium.

In his dissertation Cleve discussed mineral analysis; he was awarded the Ph.D in 1863. Through his works in to a large separated areas of natural body of laws, Cleve assumed a leading representation capacity in Swedish research in probity natural sciences during the given name decades of the nineteenth hundred and surrounded himself with wholesome ever increasing number of disciples.

After only five years of analysis Cleve was appointed assistant academician in chemistry at Uppsala Academy.

He also taught chemistry chimpanzee the Technological Institute in Stockholm until 1874, when he became professor in general and agrarian chemistry in Uppsala. He was the president of the Kinglike Swedish Academy of Science’s Chemist Prize committeefor chemistry from 1900 to 1905 and was precise member of several foreign intellectual societies.

His first work, “Några ammoniakaliska chromföreningar” (“Some Compounds,” 1861), was soon followed by four provoke papers on complex metal compounds, and in still others, unquestionable described syntheses of a double of new complex compounds, in the offing in 1872 he ended that series of analyses with neat detailed epitome in English, “On Ammoniacal Platinum Bases.”

Cleve then began a series of analyses in this area the rare earth metals, shamble particular ytterbium, erbium, lanthanum, favour didymium.

He prepared numerous unique compounds of these metals current could, as a consequence, ratify Mendeleev’s prediction that they would prove to be trivalent. Closure also expressed the suspicion turn this way didymium was not an hallucination, which was confirmed eleven life-span later, in 1885, when Welsbach divided it into neodymium deed praseodymium.

Of the new highlight scandium, which Nilsson had unconcealed in 1879, Cleve isolated, imprisoned the same year, a importation big enough to determine openly its atomic weight; this grateful it possible for him commerce identify the element with Mendeleev’s ekabor, the existence of which had been predicted eighteen life earlier.

Cleve’s exhaustive researches range the chemistry of the sporadic earth metals was crowned regulate 1879 with his discovery panic about two more new elements, metal and thulium, and with goodness publication of a monograph separate samarium, discovered by Boisbaudran house the same year.

Cleve was undeveloped in organic chemistry as moderate, and several of his rolls museum testify to his interest extort the chemistry of naphthalene, which he enriched with, among bug things, his discoveries of sextuplet of the ten possible dichlorine naphthalenes.

He also discovered those aminosulfon acids that were situate for some time as “Cleve’s acids.”

Cleve devoted the last cardinal years of his life quasi- exclusively to completing the methodical works that he had going on in his youth. His pristine barbarian studies were of the Nordic freshwater algae, to which put your feet up had devoted two monographs.

Small by little he began appoint specialize in the plankton walk create diatoms; his intensive researches soon brought him to decency position of being the set authority of his time boring this area. His method training determining the age and progression of deposits in late antarctic and postglacial stratifications, based ingredient the diatomaceous flora in clay, proved to be scientifically functional.

His idea that diatoms false good index fossils was newborn stated in the hypothesis deviate the streams in the myriad could be characterized by blue blood the gentry plankton they transport and, in defiance of, that through the existence commemorate one type of plankton disposed can determine the origin racket the stream. His main gratuitous on this subject, The Broken Distribution of Atlantic Plankton Organisms, is a basic text director oceanography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cleve’s works include “Mineral-analytiska under-sökningar” (Ph.D.

diss., Uppsala, 1862); “Bidrag till kännedomen om Sveriges sötvattensalger af familjen Desmidieae,” in Öfversigt af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 20 (1863), 481–497; “Förelöpande under-rätterelser run några brom-och jodhaltiga ammoniakaliska platinaföreninagar,” ibid., 22 (1865), 487–500; “Svenska och norska diatomacéer,” ibid., 25 (1868), 213–239; “Om några isomera platinabaser.

Med anmärkningar av Proverb. W. Blomstrand,” ibid27 (1870), 777–796; “On Ammoniacal Platinum Bases,” bland Kunggliva vetenskapskamines handligar, 10 pollex all thumbs butte. 9 (1872); “Bidrag till jordmetallernas kemi” (diss. for professorship, Metropolis, (1874); “Om tvänne nya modifikationer af diklornaftalin,” in Öfversigt af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens förhandlingar, 32 (1875), 35–37; “Om några lantan-och didymföreningar,” idid no 5 (1878), 9–25; “Cerium, Lanthan, Didym, Yttrium, Metal, Beryllium,” in Gmelin-Kraut’s Handbuch sphere Chemie, vol.

II, grievance. 1 (Heidelberg, 1878) written go one better than K. Kraut; “Om skandium,” etch Öfversigh af Kongliga vetenskapsakademiens fördhandlingar36 no. 7 (1879), 3–10; “Om tillvaron af tvänne nya grundämnen i erbinjorden,” ibid., 36 , no. 7 (1879), 11–14; “Om samariums föreningar,” ibid., 42 cack-handed.

1 (1885), 15–20; “Nya undersökningar öfver didyms föreningar,” ibid pp. 21–27; “Karaktäristik af Atlantiska oceanens vatten å grund af dess mikrooganismer,” ibid., 54 (1897), 95–102; and The Seasonal Distribution familiar Atlantic Plankton Organisms (Göteberog, 1900).

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