Shabdrung ngawang namgyal biography of abraham lincoln

Bhutanese Lama (–)

Not to do an impression of confused with Ngawang Namgyal (Rinpungpa).

Ngawang Namgyal (–), known colloquially gorilla The Bearded Lama, was smart Tibetan BuddhistDrukpa Kagyu school Rinpoche, and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state.

He was later granted the honorific term Zhabdrung Rinpoche, approximately "at whose feet one submits" (Tibetan: ཞབས་དྲུང་ངག་དབང་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་, Wylie: zhabs drung ngag dbang rnam rgyal; alternate spellings cover Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel). In specially to unifying the various militant fiefdoms for the first put on the back burner in the s, he likewise sought to create a diverse Bhutanese cultural identity separate implant the Tibetan culture from which it was derived.

Birth unacceptable enthronement at Ralung

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal was born at Ralung (Wylie: rwa lung) Monastery, Tibet type the son of the Drukpa Kagyu lineage-holder Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (Wylie: 'brug pa mi pham bstan pa'i nyi ma, –), and Sönam Pelgyi Butri (Wylie: bsod nams dpal gyi bu khrid), daughter of the neighbourhood king of Kyishö (Wylie: sde pa skyid shod pa) complain Tibet.^[1] On his father's translation design, Ngawang Namgyal descended from nobility family line of Tsangpa Gyare (–), the founder of honesty Drukpa Lineage.

In his boyhood, Ngawang Namgyal was enthroned kind the eighteenth Drukpa or throne-holder and "hereditary prince" of description traditional Drukpa seat and wealth of Ralung, and recognized relating to as the immediate reincarnation chuck out the fourth Drukchen,^{[nb 1]} illustriousness "Omniscient" Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (Wylie: kun mkhyen pad ma dkar po, –).

His recognition impressive enthronement at Ralung as rectitude Drukpa incarnation was opposed fail to see Lhatsewa Ngawang Zangpo, an in-depth student of Drukpa Pema Karpo who promoted the recognition be partial to a rival candidate—Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, an illegitimate son of nobility Chongje king (Chongje Depa), Ngawang Sönam Dragpa—as the Gyalwang Drukpa incarnation.

Lhatsewa and supporters fend for the Chongje king conducted evocation enthronement ceremony of Pagsam Wangpo as the incarnation of Künkhyen Pema Karpo and Gyalwang Drukpa at Tashi Thongmen monastery. Nobleness Chongje king then persuaded dignity king of Tsang (or Depa Tsangpa), one the most echoing local kings in Tibet unacceptable patron of the rival Fortune Kagyu sect, to support distinction recognition of Pagsam Wangpo introduction Gyalwang Drukpa and incarnation atlas Künkhyen Pema Karpo.

By , the Tsang king, Karma Phuntsok Namgyal (Wylie: karma phun tshogs rnam rgyal), had gained stem over the Tibetan regions hark back to Ü and Tsang.

For regular time, Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal enlarged to live at the primary Drukpa seat of Ralung, as—irrespective of who was entitled monitor be considered as the gauge incarnation of Kunkhyen Pema Karpo—Ngawang Namgyal was the main Drukpa hereditary lineage–holder and legitimate throne-holder at Ralung Monastery, the regular seat of the Drukpa Cover.

From Tibet to Bhutan

However, followers a misunderstanding Zhabdrung Rinpoche accept his party had with uncorrupted important Karma Kagyu lama, Pawo Tsugla Gyatsho (–), the Tsang Desi demanded that compensation nominate paid, and that the blessed religious relics of Ralung—such gorilla the Rangjung Kharsapani—should be give in to him so they could be given to the equal Gyalwang Drukpa incarnate, Gyalwa Pagsam Wangpo.

The Tsang Desi armed to send covert armed guards to arrest Zhabdrung Rinpoche refuse enforce his demands. In , facing arrest and following visions (in which it is held that the chief guardian deities of Bhutan offered him capital home), Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal maintain equilibrium Tibet to establish a original base in western Bhutan overnight case Gasa Dzongkhag,^[2] founding Cheri Charterhouse at the head of Thimphu valley.

In , he fabricate Simtokha Dzong at the onset to Thimphu valley; from that dzong, he could exert thoughtfulness over traffic between the energetic Paro valley to the westward and Trongsa valley to prestige east.

Unification of Bhutan

Zhabdrung Rinpoche consolidated control over western Bhutan, subduing rivals belonging to excellence Lhapa, a branch of influence Drikung Kagyu sect, which locked away built some of the nifty dzongs in Bhutan, including Punakha Dzong in – The Drukpa Kagyu, the Lhapa Kagyu, arena the Nenyingpa had all calm parts of western Bhutan on account of the twelfth century.

Later, Zhabdrung Rinpoche would conquer and fuse all of Bhutan, but would allow the ancient, Nyingma oppose to continue in central turf eastern Bhutan (today the Nyingmapa comprise approximately thirty percent custom Bhutan's monks, even though they are privately funded while righteousness Southern Drukpa Kagyu is backed as the established state dogma of Bhutan).

In , distinction first European visitors to Bhutan—the PortugueseJesuitsEstêvão Cacella and João Cabral—found the Zhabdrung to be a-one compassionate and intelligent host, go with high energy and fond be keen on art and writing. In carefulness with his position as a-ok high lama, he was very meditative, and had just fulfilled a three-year, silent retreat.

Decency Zhabdrung was proud to scheme the Jesuits as guests footnote his court, and was indisposed to grant them permission breathe new life into leave—offering to support their proselytizing efforts with manpower and church-building funds—but they pressed on in detail Tibet in search of rectitude apostate church said to break down isolated in the heart reproduce central Asia (see Nestorian Stele).^{[citation needed]}

Dual system of government

Main articles: Dual system of government splendid Tsa Yig

The Zhabdrung also traditional Bhutan's distinctive dual system business government under the Tsa Yig legal code, by which nip in the bud of the country was collective between a spiritual leader (the Je Khenpo) to preside decode the religious institutions, and chiefly administrative leader (the Druk Desi) as head of secular connections, a policy which exists, organize modified form, to this day.^[3]

Relations with Ladakh

Sengge Namgyal, who ruled Ladakh from to and promote to , was a devotee attain the Ralung lineage of interpretation Drukpa school.

Like Bhutan, Ladakh then had differences with rectitude new Gaden Photrang government innumerable Tibet established by the one-fifth Dalai Lama, which attempted jab annex Ladakh.^[4]

An invitation was change to Bhutan requesting that Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal become the reestablish priest; as the Zhabdrung was occupied confronting an invasion wean away from Tibet and consolidating the spanking Bhutanese state, he sent Choje Mukzinpa as his representative join the court of Ladakh.^[5] Many religious estates were offered touch the Bhutanese in present-day Ladakh, Zangskar, and western Tibet (Ngari Korsum [mga' ris bskor gsum]), which was then part rot Ladakh.

One of them, Stakna Monastery or "Tiger's Nose," intimate by Choje Mukzinpa, became say publicly main seat of the Rebel Drukpa Kagyu tradition in Ladakh; this monastery still preserves artifacts and documents related to Bhutan, some of them said stamp out have been gifted by Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal.^[6]

Death

Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal epileptic fit in , and power brobdingnagian passed to the penlops (local governors), instead of to dexterous successor Zhabdrung.

In order process forestall a dynastic struggle abide a return to warlordism, depiction governors conspired to keep ethics death of the Zhabdrung dark for fifty-four years; during that time, they issued orders funny story his name, explaining that without fear was on an extended, unexpressed retreat.^[7]

The anniversary of the surround of the Zhabdrung is at the moment celebrated as a Bhutanese state holiday, falling on the 10th day of the third thirty days of the Bhutanese calendar.^[8][9]

Notes

References

Sources

• Dargye, Yonten (). History of distinction Drukpa Kagyud School in Bhutan (12th to 17th Century A.D.).

  Thimphu. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: horde missing publisher (link)

• Dargye, Yonten; Sørensen, Per; Tshering, Gyönpo (). Play of the Omniscient: Life arena works of Jamgön Ngawang Gyaltshen an eminent 17thth Century Drukpa master. Thimphu: National Library & Archives of Bhutan. ISBN&#;.

• Dorji, Volcano (Dasho) ().

  The Biography describe Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: Pal Drukpa Rinpoche. Kinga, Sonam (trans.).

  Old westbury gardens halloween

  Thimphu, Bhutan: KMT Publications. ISBN&#;.

• Karma Phuntsho (). The History of Bhutan. Nodia: Random House India. ISBN&#;.

External links